Anna e



Nomad-5 W. G. GALLOWAY 8v W. A. LEARY.

A E GALLQWAYy Executx of W. G. GALLGWAY, Deceased KILN.

No. 541,436. Patented June 18, 1895.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

IVILLIAM G. GALLOVAY AND IVILLIAM A. IIEARY, OF-NOREOLK, VIRGINIA;

ANNA E. GALLOWAY EXECUTRIX OF SAID WILLIAM G. GALLOWAY, DE-

CEASED.

KILN.

SEEGIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 541,436, dated J une18, 1895.

Application filed February 9, 1895. Serial No. 537,822. (No model.) l

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, IVILLIAM G. GALLO- wAY and WILLIAMA. LEARY, ofNorfolk, in the county of Norfolk and State of Virginia, have inventedcertain new and useful Improvements in Kilns; and we do hereby declarethe following to be a full, clear, and exact description of theinvention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which itappertains to make and use the same.

This invention contemplates new and useful improvements in kilns and isapplicable for treatment of brick and clay products, and lumber, and forgeneral drying purposes. Y

The object of the invention is to provide an improved natural down-draftkiln in which the, cold air will be brought into the kiln at the topthereof and will pass downward equally at every point throughout thelength and width of the kiln, said air being heated before coming incontact with the articles to be dried.

A further object is to prevent unequal aircurrents in the kiln and alsoto insure the vaporization of the moisture in the lower portions of thematerial being dried, and in the case of bricks prevent softening andcrushing of the lower tiers, thus insuring equal drying at every point.

These objects we accomplish by providing a kiln with an upper reservoiror plenum of air extending over the kiln. The floor of this reservoir,which forms a supplementary roof for the drying chamber of the kiln, isperforated and air is introduced from the outside of the kiln throughairlines extending up the sides of the building. Beneath this perforatedloor of the reservoir is a suitable heating medium of single or doublerows of steampipes. The iiooriof the kiln is tapered and made doubleforming ducts which communicate with outlet lines. A gutter extendslongitudinally along the center of the floor at the vertex thereofbeneath a corresponding space or opening between theinner portions ofthe inclined sides of the'floor. Above this door and between the tracksis a solid deiiector or partition over which is a lower heating medium.

The invention comprises the novel features of construction and aisothecombination and *arrangement of parts, substantially as hereinafterfully set forth and particularly pointed out in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure lis a vertical sectional view ofour improved kiln. Fig. 2 is a horizontal sectional View on the linea"lw, Fig. l.

Referring to the drawings, A designates the kiln or building having thedrying room or chamber a, an outer roof A and two series of air-inletues a', and outlet tlues azextending perpendcularly along or in the sidewalls of the building each ot' said series of flues on one side of thebuilding being preferably staggered relatively tothe correspondingseries on the other side. Ordinary dampers a3 are arranged vrat thelower endsy of the inlet iiues a. y

These latter tluespextend to the top of the building and open into acold-air chamber or reservoir B, extending over the entire top of allowthe hot air in the'chamber to bepocketed between the strata of cold airand the under side of the floor or supplementary roof, and thus insuredownward circulation.

The floor D of the room A is inclined from the sides to the center;forming an exaggerated V in cross-section, a continuous space or openingd being left between the two inclined sides of the door. This floor ismade double, that is, a second correspondingly inclined 'the under sideof the latter sufficiently far to f licor d is located beneath the doorD and to IOO ter is preferably formed of metal, brother materialsuitable to provide for e'oridensatio'n of moisture in the air, suchcondensation being promoted by reason of the contact of the outeratmosphere with the exterior of said gutter, which latter extendsbeneath the iioor. Likewise the outer iloor is preferably vmetallic. Thedouble floor is formed into d u'ct's E which open at their outer endsinto the outlet flues a2, which latter extend upward through the roof Aof the building. If desired each alternate duct E may have an opening eformed by cutting away a portion of the inner floor D adjacent to theside walls of the building. lf so constructed these ducts on theopposite sides of the building are arranged in staggered relation.

F, F, designate the longitudinal trackrails for the trucks `(not shown)and between these rails is a solid deflector or partition f whichentirely covers the intervening space, and upon this delector i's alower heating medium f', shown as consisting of steampipes. j

1n practice the space or opening d, which we will term the first outlet,should be of greater area than the combined area of the inlets throughthe perforated floor of the air reservoir, and the areas of the innerends of lateral ducts E adjacent to the gutter and said space or openingare larger than that of the latter.

The operation is as follbwszThe cold-air passes up through the inletflues a into the chamber or reservoir B, forming a plenum, and the upperheating medium beneath said reservoir draws the air downward through theperforated floor of said reservoir 'equally'at every point. The cold airis forced downward by the expansive force and compression created by theheating medium, and after passing through or in "contact with thematerial under treatment passes through the space or opening d andthence through Vdu'cts E up and out the top of ues a2. When the floor ismade with the additional o'utl'et'openings e a portion of the chargedair passes 'out at those points. The dues a? are also provided withdarnpers g, which *enable the draft to be controlled, thereby facilitating the drying of the various articles under treatment. The moisture isremoved from the Aair by condensation eected either in the. gutter,the-ducts E, or the outlet dues, and falling into `said gutter isconveyed from the building. The lower heating medium vaporizes themoisture in the lower tiers `of material and forces it upward and'outward toward the side-walls of the kiln and makes the saine passdownward to the central gutter, while a portion will pass out throughthe openings e. In drying bricks the lower heating medium prevents theVsoftening and crushing of the bricks in the lower tiers. The deflectoror partition between the traok-rails'and beneath the lower heating pipesis preferably covered with anon-conducting material which preventsthe-heat from radiating downward to the lower outlet and thus said heatis forced to act on the lower tiers of material. Thus it will be seenthat in our improved kiln heat and gravity and condensation work inunison. By providing the plenum or reservoir of cold `or tempered air atthe top of the kiln and the floor of the reservoir with numerousperforations an equal distribution of air at every-point is obtained,and thus unequal distribution of air is avoided. A natural downdraftkiln is thus obtained and in consequence the drying operation canbe,quickly accomplished in a thorough manner. The area of the rst outletbeing greater than the combined area of the inletand the lateral ductsbeing of greater area than the said first outl'etfa thorough aircirculation is constantly maintained.

We claim as our inventionl. A kiln having an upper' air-chamber, aheating medium beneath said chamber, a lower inelined floor having acentral outlet opening and air-ducts leading therefrom, as set forth.

2. A kiln having a room and an upper perforated floor or supplement-aryroof forming an air chamber, air-inlet flues opening into saidair-'chamber above said fioor, a heating medium beneath said upperfloor, and a lower outlet at the biot'tom of said room, as set forth.

3. A kiln having a room, an upper air-charnber, an upper heating medium,and air-inlet tubes leading from said air-chamber into said room atpoints beneath the top of the latter, as and for the purpose set forth.

4. A kiln having an upper heating medium, a lower outlet, and a lowerheating medium above said outlet and beneath said upper heating medium,as set forth.

5. A kiln having an upper heating medium, a lower outlet, a lowerheating medium above said outlet, Vand a deflector between `said outletand lower heating medium, as set forth.

6. A kiln having an upper air-supply, an upper heating medium, a lowerair-'outlet of greater `area than said air-supply, and a lower heatingmedium above said outlet, asset forth.

7-. A kiln having an upper air-chamber provided with a perforated floor,an upper heating medium beneath said floor, a lower outlet of greaterarea than the combined area ofsaid pierforation's of said floor, and alower heating medium above said outlet, as set forth.

8. A kiln having an upper-air-charnber provided with a perforated Hoor,inlet ducts opening into said air-chainber,a heating medium beneath saidfloor, a lower floor having a central'out'let space or 'opening, alongitudinal gutter, and air-outlet dfucts, as set forth.

9. A kiln having-an upper air-chamber p`rovided with a'perforated floor,inlet ducts opening into'said air-chamber, a heating medium beneath saiddoor, a lower double fioor having a central space or Opening, lateralairros IIO

ducts, a central longitudinal gutter, and outlet lues into which saidair-duets open, as set forth.

l0. In a down-draft kiln having an upper air-chamber, an upper heatingmedium beneath said air-chamber, a lower outlet, a lower heating mediumabove said outlet and beneath said upper heating medium, and a deiectorbetween said lower heating medium and said outlet, as set forth.

ll. In a down-draft kiln having an upper air-chamber, an upper heatingmedium beneath said air-chamber, a lower outlet, trackrails mountedabove said outlet, a detleetor or partition between said track-rails,and a lower heating medium on or above said floor or partition,substantiall y as set forth.

l2. The herein-described kiln having an upper air-chamber provided witha perforated floor, inlet lines opening into said air-chamber, an upperheating medium beneath said floor, a lower double floor havingintermediate air-duets and a central space or opening, a gutterconnected to said lower floor and extending beneath the latter, andoutlet iues into which said air-ducts open, as set forth.

1S. The herein-described kiln having an` upper air-chamber, a heatingmedium beneath said chamber, a lower door having a central outlet spaceor opening, air ducts lead-A ing from said space or opening and alsoproinclined from the side walls to the center and forming a'centraloutlet space or opening and lateral Y air-duets, a gutter attached tosaid floor and extending beneath the latter, air outlet iiues into whichsaid air-duets open, said lower vioorhaving alternately-arrangedopenings into said air-ducts at the outer ends of the latter, adjacentto the side walls'of the building, substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof we have signed this specification in the presenceof two subscribing witnesses.

WILLIAM G. GALLOWAY. W'ILLIAIWI A. LEARY.

Witnesses:

EDw. R. BAIRD, Jr., J. W. WILLCOX.

